Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein Shelley Essays

bloody shame Shelleys FrankensteinIn order to illustrate the main theme of her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The ripe Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek neuroticly to satisfy their Promethean longings to conquer the unknown - supposedly in the military service of their fellow-humans. This assertion is discussed by first describing the Promethean connection. Thereafter, the two forms of the myth, Prometheus the fire-stealer and Prometheus the life-giver are reviewed in the context of Shellys use of the myth in her novel and their relationship to the main theme. Finally, the region of Frankenstein as a modern Prometheus of the scientific age is discussed in the context of English Romantic literature. This Promethean longing mentioned by Hundle, is the connection between Vic tor Frankenstein and Robert Walton. They some(prenominal) seek to gain knowledge of the unknown. Victor Frankensteins obsession with occult scientific knowledge results in the destruction of his family and friends, whilst Walton, the narrator of the story, causes many deaths by his obsessive journey to the North Pole. Shellys use of the Prometheus myth combines the two versions of the legend, Prometheus the fire-stealer and Prometheus the life-giver. According to the Ancient Greeks, in the first version of the myth, the Titan, Prometheus, in rebellion against Zeus, took fire from the insolate and gave it to humankind to warm them and enable them to make tools and weapons, thereby allowing them to rise above other animals. Zeus was incensed by Prometheus disobedience, and as punishment, ordered Prometheus chained to a rock, where his liver was eaten by eagles each day and restored each night so that his torment could be prolonged for eternity. The second, Roman version of the myth, comes from Ovids Metamorphoses, which, according to Newey (1993), Mary Shelly read in 1815. In this version Prometheus was the Creator who made man from clay and breathed life into him. This relates directly to the quotation on the title rapscallion of Shellys book.Did I request thee Maker, from my clay to mould me man. Did I solicit thee from darkness to promote me? Although a quotation from Miltons... ...fe-giver. However, it could be argued that Frankenstein is better connected to Prometheus the fire-stealer. Frankensteins experiments with the two edged sword of forbidden knowledge had the possibility of bestowing great good upon humanity or perhaps the destruction of humankind.Shelley has utilised both versions of the myth to great effect in the development of the main theme. Her character, Frankenstein, effectively destroyed all he held dear as a consequence of his obsession with the inquisition of forbidden knowledge.Works CitedGriffith, G. V. 1997 Frankenstein in the Cont ext of the Romantic Era. Retrieved April 2004 from http//www.enotes.comHindle, M. 1994, Mary Shelley Frankenstein Penguin Books, LondonHunter, J. P. (ed.), 1996, Mary Shelley Frankenstein. The 1818 Text, Contexts, Nineteenth-Century Responses, Modern Criticism, W.W. Norton & Company, New YorkNewey, K. 1993, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Sydney University Press, SydneySchmidt, A. 1999, The Myth of Prometheus, Retrieved April 2004 from http//www.enotes.comOates, J.C. 1984 Frankensteins fall Angel, in Critical Inquiry, Vol 10 No.3. Retrieved April 2004 from http//www.enotes.com

Bioengineering and Its Subsidiary Fields Essay examples -- Bacteria, Ge

Bioengineering and the Flaws of Consequentialism Pierce College Abstract In 1973 the first bacteria were transmittedally modified. In 1974 mice were genetically modified. And in 1982 genetically modified bacteria capable of producing insulin were commercialized. Genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. In a similar clip frame, the ideologies of stanch cell research and therapeutic reproductive cloning have come to fruition. It is the aim of this paper to demonstrate through consequentialist ethical reasoning, particularly development the concepts of utilitarianism and relativism that no definitive judgment can be made on the morality and ethical correctness of bioengineering and its subsidiary fields of genetic manipulation, stem cell research and therapeutic reproductive cloning due to the uncertain nature of the consequences of these acts. The paper will examine a brief history of these emerging scientific disciplines and the still uncertain nature of the far-reachin g consequences and implications of their implementation. Bioengineering and the flaws of consequentialism Bioengineering is a broad umbrella term covering many different scientific disciplines. nether this umbrella argon the specific studies of gene isolation, construction, targeting, trans clearation, selection, regeneration, transfer cellular engineering, and synthetic biology. Relative to the discussion of the ethical nature of this field are the principal topics of genetic and cellular engineering, stem cell research reproductive technologies to include gene replacement and transformation in humans and animals and bioengineered organic food. Bioengineering, in one form or another, has been around since the mid-20th century, with the term first coined in 1954 and w... ...tation among a society of hereditarily dying people be worth the sustained existence of the society? Possibly. Would the inclination of genetically altering food for weather sustainability if the world were im mediately threatened by harsh weather seem more acceptable? Again, possibly. There are no concrete answers to those questions objectively however. And in the world as we know it, in 2011, its similarly hard to say that any of the conditions currently affecting the rapidly globalizing world are of such a dire and unpreventable nature that they require tampering with the genetic foundations of our existence. However, another, somewhere else in the world big businessman disagree, and that leads me to conclude that consequentialist reasoning alone is an unacceptable medium for the analysis and moral rationalization of the hard choices of bioengineering and its subsidiary fields.

Physiological Adaptations of the Plesiosaur for ?Holding its Breath? :: essays research papers

Physiological Adaptations of the Plesiosaur for Holding its BreathOne hundred and fifty million years ago, large aquatic species of reptile such as the Plesiosaur dominated the maritime, and were pre-eminent predators of the sea. The branch of now extinct Plesiosaurs, or near lizards, evolved into variant closely related species specialised to take dissimilar niches in the food chain. Such species of Plesiosaur include the phenotypically similar Plesiosauroid and Pliosauroid. The physiological adaptations of the long necked variant, the Plesiosauroid, as it relates to deep sea diving, will be address in depth.Oxygen breathing lungs are a universal trait of class reptilia. As such, it would adopt been necessary for the Plesiosauroid - a marine reptile, to return to the ocean surface to inhale air. Oxygen expenditure in reptiles is proportional to strenuosity of locomotion (Frappell, Schultz & Christian, 2002). at that placefore the Plesiosauroid must have held physiological trait s that enabled the species to avoid type O shortage while hunting deep-sea dwelling prey. This essay will outline the hypothesised respiratory, circulatory, pulmonary and sensory attributes of the Plesiosauroid as they relate to diving. These hypotheses will be supported by investigating the physiological adaptations of the Plesiosaurs biological analogues, and the prospect of similar adaptations in the former will be speculated upon.Reptiles have a low metabolic rate they consume energy, and therefore oxygen, slowly. According to Robinson (1975), Plesiosauroids were enduring swimmers with lower flipper aspect ratios and drag-causing long necks. Massare (1988) made the same conclusion, since the hydrodynamic properties of the Plesiosauroids indicate the species moved no faster than 2.3 metres every second. Therefore, the species was confronted by a conundrum it sought to dive hundreds of metres to hunt its prey yet was constrained, by virtue of its body shape, to travel at slow sp eed. Invariably, the animal would have been required to forgo oxygen for periods of more than a minute, while keeping the presence of mind to hunt.Fortunately, when making its descent of hundreds of metres, the Plesiosauroid would have been able to exploit traits possessed by many of the reptile class. Many reptiles hold the ability to temporarily slow their heart rate to reduce their oxygen consumption, via bradycardia. This effect may be caused by low temperatures, such as is found deeper in the ocean, or may be voluntarily triggered by the animal. There would be no need for the Plesiosauroid to retain all of its oxygen-consuming faculties during the long descent.

Essay --

China has many traditions that they follow very closely. Not much of the Chinese culture has been forgotten or non formd anymore. only there is one tradition that China does not practice, and for good reason too. Chinese foot binding was first used to visualise superiority and power. Over the years women started to foot bind their daughters to show beauty and class.Chinese foot binding started in 1700-1027 B.C., during the Shang Dynasty. Foot binding started with the royal family. The Shang Empress had a clubfoot, so she demanded that foot binding be required in the court. Over the years foot binding spread throughout China. The richesy did it to show wealth and power and eventually even farmers started to bind their feet, making it easier for them to marry into wealth. 40 percent to 50 percent of Chinese women had bound feet in the 19th century. For the pep pill classes, the figure was almost 100 percent. Some estimate that as many as 2 billion Chinese women broke and bo und their feet to attain this agonize ideal of physical perfection. Farm girls were able to marry into wealth and all was wonderful. People were happy and you were considered beautiful if you had bound feet. Although people were starting to construct that foot binding was making them suffer they continued to do it. They had to be carried around because they couldnt walk on their prized three-inch golden lotuses. Geishas started foot binding sooner most people except for royalty. The Geishas would bind their feet to show beauty. They were extremely proud of their three-inch prized golden lotuses. The bandages that women used for foot binding were about 10 feet long, so it was catchy for them to wash their feet, Yang, an old woman now, who grew up in... ...oupe which toured the region. Such public display is a far cry from their youth, when their bound feet limited their freedom, keeping them close to their homes. But the local press criticized the dance troupe, talking of abuse and freak shows. These women yet again are victims of history in a society that finds their dilemma an ill at ease(predicate) reminder of its own recent cruelty towards women.Overall, foot binding was a practice that will forever be remembered. Many women have suffered from this horrific practice but they dont let it hold them back. They strive to all overcome being shunned and today, they are respected for surviving the foot binding epidemic. All over China there are old women with bound feet and many stories about growing up with three inch golden lotuses. Many of these women live in the village of Liuyicun. We will never forget the foot binding era .

Art :: essays research papers

World Cultures Baroque Art Essay During the Baroque blockage, new ideas and views of society and of pietism spurred up. To express these new ideas many artists utilize the ideas of past artists to further expand their own motives. " If I have seen further (than you and Descartes), it is by standing upon the shoulders of Giants." Sir Isaac Newton, 1676 The artists of the baroque period were using past ideals as a ladder to the prevalent and the gallant. Four pieces of art that exceplified the usage of the great minds of the past were The Rape of the Sabine Women by Nicholas Poussin, The einsteinium faade of the Louvre Palace, The View of Delft by Jan Vermeer and The Palace of Versailles. The magnificent artwork of Nicholas Poussin shows the mixture of Roman architecture and ideas. He copied the body sculptures and the basilicas of ancient Rome and added them to his strong point of oil. Poussin traveled to Roman museums for inspiration and models. In The Rape of the Sabin e Women, he shows how he balanced his art by carefully arranging opposites. Since he used statues for models, the people in his painting look to be chiseled and very statuesque. Poussin also uses a background of a Roman city to further levy his love for the classical world. He sought for permanent in the momentary and the universal in the individual. Many artists of the time turned to classical Greece and Rome for their ideas. other prime example is the East Faade of the Louvre Palace in Paris, France. KING LOUIS XIV originally commissioned this piece of work to Gianlorenzo Bernini in 1665. The kings finance minister felt " it left the king housed no better than before." so his plan was rejected and a French architect named Claude Perrault was appointed to finish the job. This castling had to grand enough for the "sun-king", so Perrault used classical influences to achieve the proper grandness fit for a king. He used a long corinthian colonnade, friezes, and pilas ters. This acted as a restraining influence to the baroque ideas of the time. Greek and Roman art influenced many Europeans, especially the monarchs of the time. No monarch showed that better than King Louis XIV of France. His reign of Frances nobles required a large palace to be built to accommodate and preoccupy the people that could have threatened his absolute power.

Art :: essays research papers

World Cultures Baroque Art Essay During the Baroque period, new ideas and views of society and of religion spurred up. To express these new ideas many artists use the ideas of past artists to further expand their own motives. " If I have seen further (than you and Descartes), it is by standing upon the shoulders of Giants." Sir Isaac Newton, 1676 The artists of the baroqueness period were using past ideals as a ladder to the prevalent and the gallant. Four pieces of art that exceplified the usage of the great minds of the past were The Rape of the Sabine Women by Nicholas Poussin, The east faade of the Louvre Palace, The View of Delft by Jan Vermeer and The Palace of Versailles. The magnificent artwork of Nicholas Poussin shows the mixture of Roman architecture and ideas. He copied the body sculptures and the basilicas of ancient Rome and added them to his medium of oil. Poussin traveled to Roman museums for inspiration and models. In The Rape of the Sabine Women, he shows h ow he balanced his art by carefully arranging opposites. Since he use statues for models, the people in his painting come out to be chiseled and very statuesque. Poussin also uses a background of a Roman city to further enhance his love for the classical world. He want for permanent in the momentary and the universal in the individual. Many artists of the time turned to classical Greece and Rome for their ideas. Another prime example is the East Faade of the Louvre Palace in Paris, France. KING LOUIS XIV originally commissioned this piece of work to Gianlorenzo Bernini in 1665. The exponents finance minister felt " it left the king housed no better than before." so his plan was rejected and a French architect named Claude Perrault was appointed to finish the job. This palace had to grand enough for the "sun-king", so Perrault used classical influences to achieve the proper grandness fit for a king. He used a long Corinthian colonnade, friezes, and pilasters. This acted as a restraining influence to the baroque ideas of the time. Greek and Roman art influenced many Europeans, especially the monarchs of the time. No monarch showed that better than King Louis XIV of France. His rule of Frances nobles required a large palace to be built to accommodate and preoccupy the people that could have threatened his absolute power.

AIDS & progres

Although progress has been in treating human immunodeficiency virus transmitting and help, the epidemic remains a critical public health issuance in any communities across the country and around the world.Prevention, early detection, and ongoing treatment remain important aspects of supervise for populate with HIV infections and assist.Nurses in all settings encounter people with this disorder thus, nurses fill an understanding of the disorder, knowledge of the physical and psychological consequences associated with the diagnosis, and expert assessment and clinical management skills to provide optimal care for people with HIV infection and back up.In 1987, just 6 years after the first boldnesss of AIDS were reported, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first antiretroviral instrument in 1988nthe first randomized controlled trial of primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia appeared in the literature and in 1995 protease inhibitors joined t he growing soma of antiretroviral agents.Improved treatment of HIV and AIDS has resulted in increased survival times in 1996, 1997, and 1998, age-adjusted death rates fell 29%, 48%, and 21%, respectively.II. BackgroundSince acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized more than 20 years ago, remarkable progress has been made in improving the quality and duration of life of persons with HIV infection.During the first decade, this progress was associated with recognition of opportunistic disease processes, more effective therapy for complications, and introduction of prophylaxis against common opportunistic infections (OIs).The second decade has witnessed progress in developing highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) as well as continuing progress in treating OIs (Letvin, crest & Hoffman, 2001).Since the HIV serologic test (enzyme immunoassay EIA, formerly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ALISHA, became available in 1984, allowing early diagnosis of the inf ection before onset of symptoms, HIV infection has been best managed as a chronic disease and most appropriately managed in an outpatient care setting (Gallant, 2001).A. EpidemiologyIn come in 1982, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a case definition of AIDS after the first 100 cases were reported. Since then, the CDC has revised the case definition a number of times (1985, 1987, and 1993).All 50 states, the District of Columbia, U.S. dependencies and possessions, and independent nations in free association with the United States report AIDS cases to the CDC using a uniform surveillance case definition and case report from (CDC, 2002).Starting in the late 1990s, more states started to implement HIV case reporting in response to the changing epidemic and the need for information on persons with HIV infection who have not developed AIDS.As of December 2001, there were 816,149 reported cases of HIV/AIDS and 506, 154 adults, adolescents, and children in the Un ited States (including U.S. dependencies, possession, and associated nations) lively with AIDS. Unprotected sex and sharing of injection drug use equipment are the major means of transmission of HIV.A total of 43, 158 AIDS cases were diagnosed in 2001. For men diagnosed with AIDS during 2001, 59% were in the exposure category of men who have sex with men 24% in injection drug use and 7% in heterosexual contact.In women diagnosed with AIDS during that same period, 44% reported injection drug use and 52% reported heterosexual contact. Comparing race/ethnicity amount the iii largest groups diagnosed in 2001, 20,752 were black, not Hispanics (CDC, 2002).The number of people living with AIDS is not evenly distributed throughout the United States. States with the largest number of reported AIDS cases during 2001 were New York (7,476), Florida (5,138), atomic number 20 (4,315), Texas (2,892), and Maryland (1,860) (CDC, 2002).AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in some other parts of t he world. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, more than 18.3 million people worldwide have died of AIDS and 34.3 million people are infected with HIV, with 5.4 million people newly infected with HIV in 1999 alone (Letvin, Bloom & Hoffman, 2001).UNAIDS (2001) reports that since the epidemic began, more than 60 million people have been infected with the virus, making it the most devastating disease ever.The earliest confirmed case of HIV infection was found in blood drawn from an African man in 1959 (Stephenson, 2003). Although factors associated with the spread of HIV in Africa in the 1960s however, social changes such as easier access to transportation, increasing population density, and more frequent sexual contacts may have been more important (Stephenson 2003).III. DiscussionA. SymptomsTreatment of specific manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS in the person with advanced disease targets symptoms. Patients with HIV/AIDS experience a number of symptoms r elated to the disease as well as the make of treatment. Some of the vivid symptoms are as followsRespiratory Manifestation. Shortness of breath, dyspnea (labored breathing), cough, chest pain, and fever associated with various OIs, such as those caused by Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, CMV, and legionella species.The most common infection in people with AIDS is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), one of the first OIs described in association with AIDS.PCP. PCP is the most common OIs resulting in an AIDS diagnosis. Without prophylactic therapy, PCP will develop in 80% of all HIV-infected individuals. P. carinii was originally classified as a protozoan however, studies and analysis of its ribosomal ribonucleic acid structure suggest that it is a fungus.Its structure and antimicrobial sensitivity are very different from other disease-causing fungi. P. carinii causes disease only in immunocompromised hosts, assail and proliferating within the pulmonary alv eoli with resultant consolidation of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Children with exceptional need Essay

Researches in development reveal that both contagious science and surround not yet separately see normal or irregular functioning of the valet psyche, but together and inseparably affect an individuals manner of operating in his world (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Environments influence can start as early as the nurturers bearing, i. e. the moment of conception when the fertilized cell is immersed in the mothers internal surroundings.The contention that genetics cannot be downplayed since this fertilized cell contains genetic material that may mean the marked direction of growth towards normality or abnormality has been embraced by biologists and psychologists for many decades until now. nature and nurture interact to mould a person into what he becomes hence psychological disorders are regarded both a product of genetics and environs fit to many studies. However, the degree of their influence such as at what critical times will the developing child or person succumbs to the effects of environment is observed to be crucial though.This means that the individual who has risks of developing mental illness, depends largely to these critical periods (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Abnormal psychology or the study of the development of psychological disorders focuses on the interplay of genetics and environment and how most psychologists agree to the notion that though genetics increases the possibility of the development of malfunctioning or disorders this is generally moderated by environment (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008).Learning disorders are also coined as langu ripen and speech disorders and academic skills disorders. They are commonly identified when a child enters school-age. the problems related with these disorders generally stymie a particular childs overall engagement in school activities which may usually have their dire effects on his/her hatch (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008).Academic skills disorders have the following subtypes dev elopmental arithmetic disorder (children who cannot do simple arithmetic equations like addition and subtraction and the recognition of their symbols like a plus + or minus sign -) developmental expressive writing (a severe difficulty in the ability to express themselves through writing or composition) , and developmental reading disorders (termed as dyslexia, this disability is characterized by a childs inability to recognize words or letters and understand the printed material) (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). row and speech disorders usually are identified with children and are categorized as developmental articulation disorder (cannot buzz off a sound or let loose specific words), developmental expressive language disorder (grammatical errors which are pro tack) and developmental receptive disorders (children who have the inability to comprehend someone speaking a language) (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). umteen problems are faced by students who are highly creative.This i ncludes the need to conform to the majority, seemingly lacking in motivation, lack of insights into their asynchronicity, the parental lack in wrong of knowledge or understanding into their childs dilemmas, underachievement and a host of others. These are further complicated by lack of experts in the local bear away (Santrock, 2005). Discussion The adolescent who is indue has different sets of needs and challenges which are indeed complex ones. The bigger bulk of responsibility lies in the hands of the parents and then the school.A lot of studies have been conducted to establish what these needs are, how one gift child differs from another, and the varying interventions that may be employed to enhance and meet the unique requirements of the gifted child (Santrock, 2005). Giftedness comes in diverse ways, and educators, parents alike follow some hard and fast rules in determining students who fall into specific categories of giftedness. Today, many specialists look into the mind s of a gifted student by defining and measuring creativity.This entails that a person possesses the ability to provide a novel idea or solution to a problem, make solutions which others have not discovered before, or finding very unusual solutions. It takes into consideration that high creativity may not be found with the high academic intelligence criterion. Classic researches all reveal the modest correlations linking IQ and creativity (Santrock, 2005). From this development, Guilford proposed the two kinds of thinking the confluent and divergent.IQ tests measure convergent thinking which looks for accurate and single correct answer or solution. The tests for creativity seek divergent type of thinking ((Santrock, 2005). Programs are varied depending on the design in which the student/s is enrolled however, most schools are mandated and are trained to identify or recognize children with gifted or exceptional abilities. The US division of Education identifies the basic two approa ches employed in meeting the complex needs of this oftentimes marginalized segment of students.Enrichment enlarges and intensifies skills and knowledge base by providing the student with additive classroom projects or activities field trips can be very important to enhancing a students creativity and coaching by an expert in the childs specific talent or interest. Another approach is acceleration which is oftentimes urged by experts and educators. Children skip a grade or take a placement test to be classified in a specific or particular subject or advanced agate lines (Santrock, 2005). The counseling course then often takes a route along these two approaches.Once the child is identified as possessing some remarkable qualities that are unusual to his age or group, the parents are advised to provide the enrichment the child needs. In whatever the case, teachers often are placed in positions to identify these creative streaks and expected to make the necessary interventions to help the student make use of his talents. In most cases, children suffer some debilitating handicaps due to their unusual creativity such as a combination of ADHD and the giftedness (they call it twice exceptional).This is where parents and especially teachers must be fully trained to spot complications that go with being gifted (Santrock, 2005). Teachers must be made aware that alongside other difficulties, specific manifestations may be evident as symptoms of their difficulties e. g. , having messy school work because their hands cannot have a go at it with the speed of their minds, or may even be poor spellers and poor performers in rote memorization. In other words, these students with their contrasting difficulties just dont seem to fit (Santrock, 2005).The goal then for the parents, teacher or school counselor is to magnify on the child becoming an asset rather than emphasize on such possibilities as pursuing and achieving fame, high economic term or even a Nobel Prize. It is i mportant that the goal for the educational community is for gifted students who will develop into an individual adult who will become comfortable with his innate capabilities and has used them productively (Santrock, 2005). ConclusionThe question of whether heredity (nature) or environment (nurture) is more important in determining the course of human development has been debated throughout the centuries (Papalia et al, 2002). The advent of Charles Darwins theory of evolution (1859), which emphasizes the biological basis of human development, led to a return to the hereditarian point of view. With the rise of behaviorism in the twentieth century, however, the environmentalists position once again gained dominance (Atkinson, 1993). airists such as rear B. Watson and B. F. Skinner argued that human nature is completely malleable early training can turn a child into any kind of adult, regardless of his or her heredity. Watson stated the argument in its most extreme form which is prese nted the average persons activity (Atkinson, 1993). Today most psychologists agree not only that both nature and nurture play important roles but that they interact continuously and guide development.For example, the development of many personality traits, such as sociableness and emotional stability, appear to be influenced about equally by heredity and environment similarly, mental disorders can have both genetic and environmental causes (Atkinson, 1993). Behavior geneticists are attempting to sort out the relative importance of nature and nurture influences in the development of various behavior patterns. Psychologists are especially interested in the roles of nature and nurture in intelligence, abnormal behavior patterns such as schizophrenia, and social problems such as sociopathy and aggression (Atkinson, 1993).Non-genetic influence or the environment is mayhap the strongest alibi any person attributes to whenever things turn out not as good as they want them to be. We often make justifications why we tend to be mediocre because my parents did not try their very best to train me and provide for all that I need, is our typical rejoinder. To what extent is this true, and where does the line end when it comes to personal responsibility, genetic predispositions, or the responsibility and accountability of people who exert immense influence on us?The argument postulated in this paper is not so oft as drawing the line in as much as it has evidently proven the great impact of nurture on personality and/or human development in general (Papalia et al, 2002). Parental abuse and neglect have been issues in learning because these are factors that are vital to the childs overall performance and normal functioning as they operate as kids and later as adults in the real world.This is also true with nutritional status of children in their growing years. Several studies have proven the effects of these factors that they are consciously observed among the educated paren ts as much as possible, many actively pursue in avoiding the drastic effects of either deficiency (Papalia et al, 2002). Indeed, the environmental changes that are constantly influencing children in their early stages are established in the scientific disciplines this despite the many arguments to the contrary.ReferenceAtkinson, R. L. , R. C. Atkinson, E. E. Smith, D. J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. 1993. Introduction to psychology. Orlando, FL Harcourt Brace and Company. Nevid, Jeffrey, Spencer Rathus, & Beverly Greene (2008). Abnormal Psychology in a Changing World. Pearson Prentice Hall. Santrock, J. W. (2005). Adolescence. (12th ed). New York McGraw-Hill. Papalia, Diane, Sally W. Olds, Ruth D. Feldman. 2002. clement development 8th Ed. McGraw Hill.

Organizational Profile of UT Bank Ghana Ltd Essay

The Chief Executive Officer of UT beach has been Mr. Prince K. Amoabeng since its establishment. The bank has 24 banking halls nationwide, 2 loan centers and 16 ATM outlets. Kumasi Branches which be the tenseness have 40 staff members which comprise of 2 Management Staff, 25 Senior Staff and 13 Junior Staff. The part has four departments namely Banking (Operations), in large quantities Banking and Investor Relations, Retail Banking and Administration (UT Bank, 2011). Organizational cultureBasically, culture is defined as the way we do things around here (Deal & Kennedy, 2000) or the way we think close things around here (Maull, Brown & Cliffe, 2001). Deal and Kennedy (1982) argue that culture is the single most important factor accounting for success or failure in governing bodys. They identified four key dimensions of culture1. set the beliefs that lie at the heart of the corporate culture. 2. Heroes the muckle who embody determine. 3. Rites and rituals routines of inte raction that have strong typic qualities. 4.The culture network the informal communication administration or hidden hierarchy of power in the organization. Groeschl and Doherty (2000) pointed out that culture consists of several elements- implicit and otherwise. around often these elements are explained by terms such as behaviour, values, norms and basic assumptions. According to Schein (1996), culture may be studied at its most apparent level through the examination of its artefacts and creations, which include physical space, technology, art, symbols, language, mottoes, and overt behaviour are the values espoused by individuals as the organisation faces and deals with new situations.These represent what ought to be, as distinct from what is. The culture of an organization develops through the course of social interactions rather than being imposed, and creates system of shared meanings to mobilize members of the organization in pursuit of the desire aims and objectives. Mor gan (1997) focuses on the whole organization, the cultivation of harmonious relations at all levels, the merging of individual with common goals and a reliance on worker debt instrument (Japanese approaches) as success factors in organizational culture.Successful organizations build cohesive cultures around common set of norms, values, and ideas that create a focus for doing business. Organizations are socially created and exist as much in the minds of their members as they exist in concrete structures, rules and relations. Organizational culture facilitates the acceptable solutions for knowing the problems, which members learn, feel and set the principles, expectations, behaviour, patterns, and norms that stir a high level of achievement (Marcoulides & Heck, 1993 Schein, 1992).Analysis of the culture of the organization based on observation The observation was made on the basis of the artefact, norms, values and, the assumptions and beliefs indoors the organisation. The observat ion followed through the working periods of the organisation the observer was as objective as much as possible. Artefacts From the observation, every office and employee had stickers of Loan in less than 48hours and crests embossed to their breasts respectively. Also, each branch had the missions and vision of the bank hanged on the walls of the banking halls.The banks physical arrangement is a healthful-planned architecture of the office which shows understandably the various departments. Also, it was observed that the office design is one that fit the organisation and what it does. It has offices for various departmental heads and that of a shared office for the other employees which enhanced communication. thither is no specific dress code for the employees, but the employees are also smart and formal in appearance. However, on Friday, employees wear prints made of the colours and descriptions of the bank.Employees r a corporate language which is English but also intermittently spoke Twi when attending to the illiterate clients as well as casual conversations among staff. Values and Norms From the observations, the values of the bank are not only visibly seen on their walls, but also clearly evident in the behaviours of the employees. It was observed that, the general demeanours of the employees seep respect, integrity and high level professionalism. Workers reported to work as early as 0600 GMT, and left the office as late as 2100 GMT. Workers were unbidden to go the extra mile to keep the customers happy.According to Hunt, Boal and Sorenson (1990), overstepership is a process involving the farter, task and situation and indeed. Most of the leadership literature confuses the definition of sound leadership by failing to make clear distinctions in some definitions, such as between leaders and non-leaders, effective and ineffective leaders, as well as overlooking the definition of the levels of leadership (Bennis, 1998 Bergsteiner, 2005 House and Aditya , 1997) Leaders are often tangible images of successful endeavour in organizations, serving as usance models and mentors for the more junior and aspiring employees.The evaluation and explanation of leadership is the domain of theorists and researchers who offer organizations a range of approaches or theories, which may be said to adopt from the changing expectations of organizations.Leadership is the process wherein an individual member of a group or organisation influences the interpretation of events, the choice of objectives and strategies, the organisation of work activities, the motivation of people to achieve objectives, the maintenance of cooperative relationships, the development of skills and confidence by members, and the enlistment of support and cooperation from people outside the group or organisation (Yukl, 2002).When leaders are effective the influence they exert over others help a group(s) or organization(s) to achieve its performance goals. On the other hand, if l eaders are ineffective, their influence does not contribute to and often detracts from, goal attainment. Leadership depends on the use of power, influence, vision, persuasion and communication skills to coordinate the behaviour of individuals and groups so that their activities and efforts are in harmony. Leaders support employees to perform at a high level to achieving targeted oals (Jones et al. 2007). Leadership in UT Bank Ghana Limited, Kumasi Branch UT Bank believes in prime(a) leadership and its management opines that leadership is all about team-building and the expression of selfless work ethics. The leadership is a participatory one and as such it is a rule that all employees irrespective of the management level address one another by the first name. There is a vision for the organization guiding, training, coaching job and motivating employees to work effectively to achieve the organizations objectives.The trend is to empower employees, give them as much freedom as possi ble to compose self-directed and self-motivated. Often, that means working in teams. Teamwork aids communication, improves cooperation, reduces internal competition and maximizes the talents of all employees on a project. Strength and limitations of UT Bank Ghana Limited, Kumasi branch as organisms Strengths The organisational culture and leadership in the organisation helps develop an understanding between the organization and its purlieus.This describes the organization as existing in an open system where the environment has a great impact on the way the organization is run. It shows that the management of UT Bank can often be improved through systematic attention to the needs that must be satisfied if the organization is to survive. It emphasizes survival as the main task facing the organization which helps the goals to not be an end in themselves, but media of survival.The leadership in UT Bank shows that there is no best way of managing thus, the best way of management is p laced by the events happening at any point in time. It clearly shows that different approaches to management may be necessary to perform different tasks within the organisation. Limitations A careful look at UT Bank as an organism makes one assume that the organisation is functionally organised which leads to functional virtuoso interdependence where every element of the system works for all the other elements.However, in organizations, self-interest is a major conflict and also different elements of an organization are usually capable of living separate lives and often do so. Also, the rise in importance of the organic metaphor in UT Bank has undermined the efficiency of bureaucratic organizations. The metaphor leads UT Bank and its environments in a way that is far too concrete. This is because organizations and their environments can be understood as socially constructed phenomena. Their shape and structure is much more fragile and tentative than the material structure of an or ganism.It is misleading to suggest that UT Bank need to adapt to its environment or that environments select the organizations that are to survive. On the contrary, organizations have a choice as to whether they are to compete or collaborate. Collaborating organizations actions can have an impact on the environment. Conclusion Since an organisation is an organism made up of systems working together, keeping such systems in good and workable conditions is very crucial to the survival and concomitant success of the organisation.Culture and leadership can be seen as effective lubricants to the effective functioning of an organisation. The culture of an organization is many times created by those who lead it. The culture of an organization speaks directly to the beliefs and practices that it holds to be true. When thinking about culture a leader must help define why the organization exists and to lead by example. Thereby satisfying the needs of employees organisations operate more effe ctively and people truly become the lifeblood of organisations.

Extraction of Eugenol from Cloves Oil

Isolation of Acetyleugenol (Clove Oil) from Cloves Purpose In this experiment, you will obtain the inherent anoint from cloves by steam distillate. You will then separate a component (acetyleugenol) from the oil by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally, you will isolate the acetyleugenol by using a rotovap for reduced pressure distillation, which will carry away the organic closure (dichloromethane). Background Whole cloves contain between 14% and 20% by weight of ingrained oils, but only half of that can be isolated as acetyleugenol. Clove oil contains two basic compounds eugenol and acetyleugenol.As a result of Daltons legal philosophy and Raoults Law, both of these substances can be removed from the cloves with a steam distillation. Eugenol is polar due to the venereal diseaseic hydroxyl (OH) group, but acetyleugenol is not polar. As a result, they can be separated by extraction from a 5% aqueous NaOH solution. Acetyleugenol will dissolve in the organic CH2Cl2 tier, while euge nol remains in the aqueous base layer as a phenoxide. This can be seen in the reaction below (where ArOH is eugenol), because dissolved ions prefer the aqueous phase. ArOH(aq) + OH-(aq) ? ArO-(aq) + H2O(Liq)Acetyleugenol has no acid proton, and cannot ionize. So, it prefers the organic phase. Essential oils from plant materials are used today for medicinal and other purposes. Among these oils are camphor, quinine, oil of cloves, cedarwood, turpentine, cinnamon, gum benzoin, and myrrh. The U. S. FDA has declared clove oil to be the most effective remedy for a toothache. Substances 25 g whole cloves (350 g per lab section) 100 ml DI water (1. 5 L per lab section) 10 ml 5% NaOH (150 ml per lab section) 45 ml CH2Cl2 (650 ml per lab section) Mg SO4 or Na2SO4 (anhydrous) Apparatus Items in kit 50-ml round-bottomed flask distillation head thermometer adapter large bore condenser Claisen adapter 125-ml separatory funnel Items not in kit Plastic funnel 100-ml graduated cylinder stands and clamps aluminum foil heating mantle (for 250-ml flask) 250-ml separatory funnel 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask w/ stopper Rotovap Procedure 1. Place 25 g of whole cloves in a 250-ml round-bottomed flask, and add 100 ml of DI H2O. A plastic funnel can be used if necessary to transfer the cloves into the flask. 2. Set up a well-clamped simple distillation apparatus with the large bore condenser.Insert a Claisen adapter with a 125-ml separatory funnel between the flask and the distillation head, similar to Fig. 23. 4 of Zubrick. Ensure the valve on the separatory funnel is closed. Then cover the flask, distillation head, and the bottom of the heating mantle with aluminum foil to insulate for a faster distillation rate. 3. Collect 60 ml of distillate. Also, simultaneously heat distilled water to 90oC on a hot plate for addition in step 4. 4. Add 60 ml of hot H2O to the separatory funnel, then open the stopcock to add the water to the flask. Be sure to remove stopper from funnel before possib le action its valve.Also, be sure to close the valve after adding the water. 5. Collect another 60 ml of distillate. 6. Add 10 ml of 5% NaOH solution to the distillate to contravene (deprotonate) the eugenol. 7. Acetyleugenol is not very alcohol-soluble in H2O, and is easily extracted from the distillate with CH2Cl2. Place the 130 ml of distillate solution in a 250-ml separatory funnel and remove the acetyleugenol with three 15-ml portions of CH2Cl2. Gently shaking the separatory funnel will fail to remove the acetyleugenol, however vigorous shaking will produce a boundary layer that is a visible organic- aqueous emulsion.Therefore, shake vigorously, and remove the lower layer up to, and not including, the emulsion. Caution -Pressure typically builds inside separatory funnel when shaken Be sure to vent stopcock frequently while shaking Do not vent towards yourself or any other individual 8. Combine the CH2Cl2 extracts in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask and add just enough anhydrous magn esium sulfate or sodium sulfate (drying instruments) so that the solid no lengthy clumps together. Stopper the flask, and let stand 5 minutes. (Note that stopper size is printed on the flask. ) 9.Decant the organic solution into a weighed 250- or 500-ml round-bottom flask. Leave solid drying agent behind. 10. With the instructors assistance, evaporate the solvent with the rotovap to isolate the liquid acetyleugenol. Obtain product mass. Waste Disposal The used cloves can be discarded in the trash. The aqueous waste can be neutralized, and then emptied into the sink. Place used drying agent in the waste jar. Lab techs will place collected solvent from the rotovap in the waste jar as well. Recommended Reading Small Scale Syntheses, pp 25-26 (steam distillation) and 28-29 (extraction).McMurry, J. , Organic Chemistry, pg 626 in 8e, or pg 603 in 7e (phenoxides). Zubrick, J. W. , The Organic Chem Lab Survivor Manual, sixth Ed, pp 183-7 (steam dist), 196-9 (rotovap) and 321-2 (steam dist theory). www. chemfinder. com en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Clove Data To Collect Determine mass of Acetyleugenol after evaporating the solvent in the rotovap. Theoretical Yield Basis See background section for maximal obtainable quantity. Actual Yield Basis Report the recovered mass split up by the theoretical yield. Also report recovered mass divided by the initial mass of cloves.For the compounds isolated section, find systematic names, as well as tabulated MPs and BPs, for both compounds. Post-Lab Qs 1. Why is eugenol soluble in aqueous base while acetyleugenol is not? (Hint McMurry describes some important properties of phenols) 2. How can the eugenol be separated from the aqueous base layer? (after the acetyleugenol has been removed) 3. What properties of clove oil make it an effective remedy for a toothache? 4. How does steam distillation extract water-insoluble oils from the cloves? (Hint What do Daltons Law and Raoults Law tell us? ) 5. How does the rotovap function?

Philosophy Epistemology Essay

Epistemology is one of the very important branches of philosophy. It is also known as the knowledge theory. The knowledge theory consists of terce questions What is the origin of knowledge? What is the reliability of knowledge? & What is the criteria of knowledge? Rene Descartes and ass Locke really looked into epistemology and both had different theories to approach it. John Locke looked at luridness and Rene Descartes looked at freethinking. John Locke was an English philosopher and formed his opinion around empiricism. Empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge.The human being is a blank slate to him. Locke was a moderate skeptic, who doubted until valid proof was given to substantiate truth claims of a demonstrative and sensitive nature. The foundations of knowledge functioned in the hobby way according to Locke. The human being takes in the external world through sensation (the five senses) and gives form to the exper iential data through the processes of reflection. To Locke, original knowledge is the most trustworthy because we automatically recognize the agreement or disagreement of ideas without the intervention of a proof.His criterion of knowledge depended on the speciality and intensity with which someone perceives either agreement or disagreement between ideas. So for example, we know that 2+3=5. We also know that 2+3 does not equal 7. Locke, un corresponding Descartes, argues against innate ideas. However, Locke believes that we be all born with the ability to prepare knowledge through the organization of sensate data by the cognitive capacities and capabilities we possess at birth, which are innate to the human. Descartes had a different view of epistemology. He argued for rationalism.Rationalism is an approach to philosophy that employs pure reason to acquire instances of fundamental truth. In Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes comes up with three fundamental truths by way of pure reason. The first fundamental truth is I think, hence I exist. This fundamental truth establishes for Descartes the essence of the human being in his philosophy, as the thing that thinks. He is reflecting on himself as the object of deception and reasons that patronage being deceived, as long as he can think close it, he exists.Having a clear perception of the fundamental truths can indorsement they can be trusted with absolute certainty and cannot ever be false. The three fundamental truths (self, god, & mathematics) are examples of innate knowledge, or truths that all humans are born with given to by God. Descartes says we can discover these truths through the Meditations, by way of doing philosophy, but we do not pursue these in the same manner we pursue other forms of knowledge such as science. The dream argument is aimed at the external world.It says that I often retain perceptions very much like the ones I have while Im dreaming. There are no definite signs to di stinguish dream experience from wake experience, so it is feasible that I am dreaming right now and all my perceptions are false. In my opinion, I think that John Lockes position on empiricism is more philosophically sound to me. Just to re-cap, empiricism is an approach to doing philosophy stressing experience as the in road to all knowledge. The human being as a blank slate really makes sense to me.We automatically know that we can agree or disagree without having to have proof to go along with it. I think that sense experience is always the starting point to knowledge. I think in order to learn something in life you have to experience it first. You cant just go out and expect the knowledge to be in your brain for no reason. For example, how would you know what the color pitiful looks like if you were born blind? You would need to use your senses to try and understand what the color is. God couldnt just put it in your mind because its something that you just need to see.Also, y ou can learn from the experiences you go through. If you do something and it ends up being wrong, then you learn from that experience and how you can go about it other than next time. In my opinion, rationalism has some defects that would make it harder to understand philosophically. A rationalist comes to believe that knowledge is a lot like math. So slightly much, it is knowledge that comes before experience. Something that you already know, but have never experienced before. I think that is a bit problematic because how can you know something that you never experienced?Epistemology plays a big role in philosophy as does John Locke and Rene Descartes. They both have great views on epistemology looking at rationalism and empiricism. When thinking about rationalism, we know that knowledge can be acquired through reason alone and that we dont need experience. But when thinking about empiricism, we know that we learn through our experiences as a person. Justifying truth as a philosop her, I would agree more with Lockes view on empiricism. I believe that everything happens for a reason, and that you need experience to learn, and to grow as a person.

Health Law and Regulations Paper

Organizational Responsibility and Current health Care Issues HCS/545 August 27, 2012 Charles Barron Organizational Responsibility and Current Health Care Issues Health care device and abuse is a current issue affecting everyone in the United States costing billions of dollars annually. This fraudulent crime is committed when dishonest consumers and providers hand false or misleading information to turn profit. It affects the United States by hampering the ability to provide affordable access health care and good forest of care to Americans.The Affordable Care Act prevention resources and tools are working to stop fraud before it occurs. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a health news situation affecting the health care system and evaluate the effect of organizational structure and governance, culture, and social responsibility. Recommended resources to preventing this situation in the future and recommended changes in future prevention will be discussed. Health News Situat ion A 38 year old Miami Florida resident, Sandra Jimenez, admitted to participating in a Medicare fraud scheme affecting assisted living facilities, half way houses, and home health agencies. The fraud schemes were orchestrated by the owners and operators of American Therapeutic Corporation (ATC) its way company, Medlink Professional Management Group Inc. and the American Sleep Institute (ASI) (Department of Justice, 2012, para. 2). In January 2012, Jimenez pleads guilty to counts of committing conspiracy of health care fraud and frauding the United States in receiving culpable health care kickbacks. The various owners, doctors, managers, and therapists of ATC and Medlink were charged with health care kickbacks, money laundering, and fraud of cardinals of Medicare dollars. The Medicare fraud scheme resulted in the submission of more than $200 one thousand million in fraudulent claims to Medicare (Department of Justice, 2012, para. 1). An example of the fraud committed by Jimene z and co-conspirators is submitting medically unnecessary services that were billed through Medicare and then laundered. Jimenez as a vendor solicited the beneficiaries and then paid the illegal kickbacks to assisted living facility owners in exchange for the beneficiaries. If convicted Jimenez and co-conspirators are facing maximum penalty prison time and fines.Corporate coordinate and Governance, Culture, and Focus on Social Responsibility Social responsibility in the United States is to ensure organizations adhere to state, federal, and local laws, it ensures consumers and providers are held accountable. A sound incarnate structure and governance ensures there is a standard of excellence, integrity, and accountability in all aspects of the organization. References Department of Justice. (2012). Miami-area resident pleads guilty to participating in $200 million medicare fraud scheme. Office of Public Affairs. Retrieved from http//www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2012/January/12-crm-063 . html

Critical thinking is basically composed of three parts

1.Critical thinking is basically composed of three parts that atomic number 18 very important. When a psyche is perceiveing to a speaker or reading a publication such(prenominal) as a book, a journal or an article in a magazine or even notice a p posture or a indisputable soap or drama, it is important for him or her to go through a set of questions that are interrelated.These questions should emerge from the knowledge organism conveyed by the speaker or author or the actor. The vital thinker who is part of the audience should be asking him self or herself diminutive questions and he should consciously be aware of what of he or she is doing as she read or listen to the guesss. He should at the same time be trying to answer or at to the lowest degree trying to generate his or her own suggestions to the questions raised.The process of critical thinking should also comprise the readers or listeners desire to actively utilize the critical questions to stimulate or generate more understanding of the message or the points the author or speaker is trying to put across and what he wants the audience to think as the truth.Critical thinking also comprises of a prior decision or choice on how superstar needs to react to what he/she see or hear. Identification and choice of the best decision to take a leak is part of critical thinking especially when the learning you are getting is from different speakers or publications by different authors.2.Most people in the serviceman has severally confused the concept of critical thinking. Most lay people understand critical thinking as the ability to think very oft and in details nigh an issue. The concept of critical thinking is completely a different thing and such people are advised to understand this concept right.The word critical in simple slope may symbolise very important for a given purpose. For example, oxygen is a critical fatality for life to continue. Thinking on the other mitt is the ability to reflect upon any thing or to conceive some idea in a somebodys mind. Therefore, critical thinking is usually misunders aliked to mean conceiving a key or major idea, critically as it is usually understood.Critical thinking may at wizard point bring this kind of meaning. But in decision making and analysis of what a speaker or an author is trying to inform his/ or her audience, critical thinking is used to mean the best practices in trying to understand the message being passed, and whether it is true or false agree to the ideas the audience has already formed in their mind.3.Critical thinking and emotions are directly interrelated to one another(prenominal). Emotions may influence critical thinking by influencing the various aspects of critical thinking separately or jointly. To remove the ability to think of an issue does not require somebody who is emotionally over reactive.One needs to be patient and posses the ability to wait until the speaker or author is through so that s/he may commit a better basis of relating his/her ideas to those of the author or speaker. If a person is unforbearing and does not wait for the speaker to give his opinions around an issue, an interruption may cause the speaker to correspond and therefore this person would not have acquired enough information to on which he can fore his counter- argument.4.Critical thinking involve use of certain tools as concepts for effective thinking. Peoples way of thinking is determined by their lifestyles and place of living. These two do interfere with the decisions people make. Ideas obtained from mass media such as TV or intelligence operationpapers may not be real and usual. Most happenings that are reported in the media are sensational. However, these tenders lead people to forming opinions that are biased on the issues and facts being claimed in the broadcasts.To avoid these biases, thorough and broad reading to obtain as much information as possible concerning this issue is r ecommended. After getting this kind of information, one has to critically think some it so as to determine whether it is accurate or not.The graphics appearing in billboards and posters pass messages that make people form opinions that the world is perfect when in real sense, things are imperfect. Such billboards makes a person start having associative ideas and starts wanting to be associated with what the images are about. At this stage,the person has already formed a biased opinion about what is being communicated.This biasness is an resister to critical thinking. The other concept is about extremes such as all versus nothing, me versus him/her, them vs us and thinking that is establish on stereotypes. Critical thinking involves avoiding stereotyping, assumptions and simplifications that are associated with this form of thinking.Pints of views that are not supportive to one another should be avoided where possible. The fourth factor that impedes critical thinking is having fear . One may fear trying new things, making of mistakes and making any comment that will make him appear foolish. These fears lead one to accept the fallacies that are contained in the ideas they are present-day(prenominal)ly having. Finally, some ideologies influence people to think in a pre-determined way.For example in the case of outlined curriculum that give outlined and rigid instructions on the way assignment formats should be. When students use their teachers as the only source of knowledge, they form bias to his opinions and are in most cases unable to think out of box when they adopt this form of non critical way of thinking.5. A bum around is a thing that is well known for its ability to scoop a lot of water. The more water a sponge absorbs, the more it becomes complicated to handle and when the water is too much, the sponge becomes imperfect to handle and is basically avoided because it has a potential to cause a mess.This analogue is used in critical thinking not becau se of its ability to cause mess when water exceeds but because of its ability to absorb too much water. The way a person thinks about an issue is greatly determined by the follow and kind of information that the person has about a particular issue.The information here is likened to the water piece of music the brain is likened to a sponge. People who have obtained so much information about the world have also got so much understanding of how actually the world is complicated. The less information one has about the world, the simpler the world appears to be to this person.There are some benefits associated with the sponge memory access to critical thinking. If a person obtains so much information from publications, media and from speeches or conferences now, this person shall have a higher capacity to critically think about issues in the future.This is a great treasure especially in the current situation in the world where everything is changing and very complicated ideas are comi ng up every day, thus posing a danger of confusion for people who do not invest in much knowledge in the earlier years of their lives (Laura, 2008, p.176).The advancement is passive towards getting a correct opinion for ideas that are being passed by other people in publications and in mass media or directly during meetings. Use of this speak to is not strenuous to the mind since information is accumulated gradually over a long catch of time.It is easy and quick to think while the key requirements are just concentration when obtaining information and a memory to store the information obtained this way. It does not involve any form of evaluation of information, therefore whether the information is true or not does not matter.The only drawback associated with this approach is that there is no method for find what to choose and what to fail to choose. Ones thoughts are gained by the latest version of information he came across about an issue and decision making can become an accide nt of association.The concept of panning for gilded on the other hand is analogue to critical thinking in the sense that from a bulk of material- which here represents the bulk of information-, the gold component -which here represents the important, little but useful information- is extracted with a lot of keenness. A person chooses what to absorb in his mind as useful and what to reject as useless information.To achieve this, a person reads through a publication or listens to the speaker carefully with an asking attitude. Since it is like the presenter of the information is trying to talk and persuade you about his or her ideas and you are trying to ask yourself questions concerning the information you are getting, this makes the process to be interactive, although the audience and the writer or speaker are not seeing one another.The reader or listener is able through this approach to determine what is worth. As opposed to the sponge concept, this approach is very challenging, is very tedious but the rewards are enormous.To be able to evaluate a speakers or writers opinion, the audience need to have a dependable opinions about the issue under scrutiny. This approach is mainly aimed at acquiring new information and knowledge because he already has some ideas and opinions (Fairburn and Kelly, 2005, pp. 156-159).6. dim sense critical thinking involve the use critical thinking process to defend ones current beliefs and when he or she acquires enough information to be convinced otherwise, this becomes the current belief that he or she will be defending when compelled with another set of information, until this person is fully convinced other wise.The approach is least concerned with moving towards the truth and what is virtuous. It is out for a purpose of resisting and annihilating opinions and reasons which appear to be differing from the ideas a person is currently holding as the truth.It has a great potential of ruining the forward-moving aspects that are a ssociated with critical thinking. This approach to critical thinking is most exhibited in people who hold certain ideas about religion or about holy scriptures.Anything against what they belief is readily rebelled mentally until a thinkable authority asserts the new claims, which they now take as the truth and they defend it by all sum (Peter, 2001, p.249).

Leading as a principle of management

Andy Grove, Intels former legendary draw who oversaw this company in the time of its rising to its prominent position, has a remarkable attractorship style. His style is authentic bothy democratic, but forceful and demanding. As a result, a unique culture of constructive confrontation arose at the company that is a direct result of Groves managerial traits (Intel Corporation). He allowed his subordinates to insist on their views and arguments at the time of the discussion, but once a decision was reached, everybody was expected to demonstrate the highest train of commitment.As a leader, Grove is remarkable for several major traits that make him stand out from other leaders. First, he is glorious in his skill to align strategy and execution as the forces of globalization were creating enormous discontinuities in the commercial enterprise surround (Garten 2005). He was always on the alert for whatever actions the competitors might take to challenge Intels dominance and kept a ho ld on the treacherous IT worry environment. Managing the external environment of the business is an important skill that does not come easily to leaders it takes old age of experience and a exceedingly focused in the flesh(predicate)ity able to keep an eye on whats going on in the marketplace.In relationships with employees, Grove excelled in striking an important equalizer between disciplinary action and support of initiative. In giving his employees freedom to act, he maintained their zest for innovation that can only flourish in a democratically arranged corporate environment. At the same time, Grove maintained rigid orbit in terms of performance evaluation. He demanded measurement of every detail of the performance and was relentless in his requirements. The company executives introduced the so-called management by objectives in which an employees performance is evaluated against about 10 objectives all of which are gauged with quantifiable measures (Intel Corporation).Gro ve can also be applauded for his ability to preserve the flexibility in Intels operations at the time when the company was experiencing dramatic growth. Sheer size is often the problem for major senss who lose market to more nimble competitors. Grove created a company that remains highly flexible despite its mammoth proportions. Grove also built Intels corporate culture on value that have turned it into very strong immune system (Pandya et al. 2004).Grove is the kind of leader who does not contend forth depressed in the tough times and continues to see the silver lining take down in the times of a serious recession. In an interview with Business calendar week reporter he advocates the sizzling future day of the tech industry despite temporary difficulties, insisting that we cant even glimpse the potential of the IT industry, even in the aftermath of the tech bubble and the general downturn in the business (Andy Grove We cant).Groves optimism stems from his ability to manage change at the company. A particular instance of change at Intel involves the switch from memory chips to microprocessors in the 1980s. The field was entirely new for Intel, and yet the company emerged with dazzling success, good turn into the global leader. Another example relates to the large-scale recall of Pentium chips after problems with their functioning surfaced in 1994. Andy Grove dealt with the issue with efficiency and initiative that worked to save the companys damaged reputation. Andy Grove led the company towards success in the market for microprocessors and was able to build the Intel brand (through the famous Intel Inside campaign) and used his savvy in managing risk to steer the company clear of antitrust regulators (Pandya et al. 2004).Andy Grove spent an impressive 11 years as chief executive officer at Intel, continuing his leadership stance as chairman. monetary data confirm the success of his leadership style and his ability to manage the company, taking it t o a level of state-of-the-art perfection. A 31.6% annual rise in stock price, twice the speed of S&P 500, growth in revenues from $1.9 billion to $25.1 billion, doubling of the workforce to 64,000 people demonstrate the achievements of Andy Grove as a leader (Garten 2005).These are only dry numbers, and the main breakthrough was qualitative. Intel has been fully transformed into a leader of the global IT industry. First, it has become a truly international corporation, deriving a major portion of its revenues from abroad. Second, the corporation became central to the growth of personal computers, cell phones, genomic research, computer-aided design, and virtually everything else that characterizes this age of digitalization and the Internet (Garten 2005). Intel succeeded in a highly competitive environment of the IT industry, becoming an icon of success for many beginning companies. Intels key out is a brand worth millions of dollars, and its products like Pentium chips remain the symbol of the industry.Andy Grove has done a dope to translate his convictions for the plug-in operation into real changes in its work. It took Grove six years to make Intels board exemplary (Shlender 2004). In his own words, he highly evaluates his role in developing the work environment and culture at the company and with the directors (Shlender 2004). Andy Grove firmly believed in the independence of the board and the separation of the functions of the chief executive officer and chairman. He put his burning conviction that the board should have an important role in making the good governance principles work in his books and lectures on the topic. His work as Chairman of the Board has make Intels board a reliable safeguard against managements sloppy or riotous actions.Thus, Andy Grove was a great leader able to combine rigor with attention to others opinion and balance between giving his subordinates freedom to innovate, combined with the need to commit to the already taken d ecisions. His emphasis on discipline, strategic vision for growth, handle on the market and ability to manage change account for his personal success as a leader and impressive performance of Intel Corporation.BibliographyAndy Grove We cant even glimpse the potential. Business Week 3846, Aug 25, 2003. 19 Sep. 05 .Garten, Jeffery E. Andy Grove Made The Elephant Dance. Business Week 3928, April 2005. 19 Sep. 05 .Intel Corporation The Evolution of an Adaptive Organization. 19 Sep. 05 .Pandya, Mukul, et al. Best of the Best Inside Andy Groves Leadership at Intel. Prentice Hall PTR, Dec 10, 2004. 19 Sep. 05 .Schlender, Brent. Inside Andy Groves Latest Crusade consequence 150.4, Aug 23, 2004. 19 Sep. 05 http//www.fortune.com/fortune/ceo/articles/0,15114,678520,00.html.

Overcriminalization Essay

In every nation, people argon governed by a government. The very purpose of having a government is to film a highest authority to maintain peace and order in a nation. A government, through its legitimate authority and power, sets up police forces and rules and every citizens are expected to follow. These laws are granted as a guide and ensure that the activities and affairs of every individual are within the context of legality, morality, accredited customs, and traditions and is not violating other peoples rights. Body In criminal law and even in the Constitution, nuisances that are against people and properties are defined.This includes murder, rape, robbery, theft, among others. Corresponding punishment has as well as been provided for the purpose of distinguishing the legal standard of arbiter (Husak, 2008, p. 6). Significantly, justice is the very reason for penalizing individuals who acted beyond their right. However, justice also has standard that cannot just easily be measured. But the laws are controlling and in the context of the law, justice is served. On the part of every individual, he is given freedom to act, provided that he is not violating any laws.In the orderliness, changes are also indispensable, like the existence of homosexuals. For these changes and acceptance of the people of taboos, umteen argue that overcriminalization exist in the criminal justice system of the country. interim overcriminalization refers to idea that laws regulating public morality may result in a substantial diversionary attack of police, prosecutor, and judicial time, personnel and resources. In the medical and psychological arena, homosexuality is accepted however such has been criminalized nether the sodomy law established since nineteenth century (Greenbers, 1988, p. 455).Notably, During WWII, a man was convicted of 20- class in prison for running an entertainment establishment for homosexuals despite his effort in catching German spies (Greenbers, 1988 p. 455). Since then several(prenominal) men were indicted for a long year imprisonment because of heterosexual relationships. Gays and even lesbians acts and choice were controlled by law. A wrong choice would be equivalent to imprisonment. Since then the sodomy law has been ch every last(predicate)enged of its constitutionality. Several gays claimed that sodomy laws curtails their freedom to privacy and choice. However, the court stayed the legality of the law until 2003.In Lawrence v. Texas (539 U. S. 558), the petitioner, a man, was caught in his private room having fleshly knowledge with a man. They were arrested for violating the sodomy law. In court, Lawrence raised that the law violates their constitutional right on concern protection, due process and privacy. After extensive debates, all sodomy laws were stricken out in all states and the gays and lesbians were liberated. Primarily, the court stressed that gays have Another overcriminalization seen is the removeion o n alcohol consumption. In the olden era, drink serves as medicine for several diseases and as pain reliever.Wine was also among the essentials in gatherings and ceremonies. Through time, many alcohol beverages were processed to make it to a greater extent intoxicant. However, it was made a crime to consume alcohol and other form of intoxicants. The authorities argued that alcohol can make a drank an evil because of the effects of intoxication. many a(prenominal) crimes were attached due to drunkenness and to avoid further crimes, the law prohibited the citizens to take in alcohol. However, the curtailment of crime resulted to the violation of right. The legislature kept on defining numerous crimes instead of setting up a fairer standard that will regulate alcohol.At present, the law is still silent as to the issue on lowering of drinking age from 21 to 18 years of age. Many argue that adults below 21 year- old are penalized for consuming alcohol and considered it as ironical when they were granted political and urbane rights at the age of 18. Through this, the law is seen to have overcriminalized. However, the law is becoming lenient because several adult below 21 are able to drink without being caught. While it may be observed that the law is becoming lenient on criminalizing some immoral acts, other forms of overcriminalization can be noticed today.Although liberations have been celebrated by various classes, the public is endangered of other being punished severely for piddling crimes. With the death of sodomy law and alcohol bans, the liberty of the citizens are yet unsettled. After the 9/11 terrorist attack several laws were passed by the Congress to curtail terrorism. However, it has a drawback against the citizens. The Patriot Act which encompasses crimes of smuggling and coin laundering is considered to have its way to overcriminalization. This is so because of the imposition of a grave penalty to a footling crime.An astonishing example is David McNab, a fisherman, who was charged for smuggling and money- laundering for bagging a 5. 5 inches lobster (Berlau, devising a Meth of the Patriot Act). . For a minor environmental violation, McNab is now serving a multi- year sentence (Berlau, Making a Meth of the Patriot Act). Many more types of overcriminalization are expected in the enforcement of the Patriot act because of the free access and intensified surveillance that authorities are able to do. In some states, overcriminalization do exist.In District of Columbia, the state law and even federal law prohibit the unauthorized use of the Smokey Bear emblems (Luna, 2005, p. 704). The lawful exercise of religious belief in school and in public placed are even punished or restricted due to the insistence of judicial separation of church and state principle. Nevertheless, while overcriminalization may still exist, todays regulation has become more lenient than before. Rights to same- sex marriage, common law relationship, and ev en possession of gun by private individuals are just some of the evidence of laws leniency.Since the feudal time, many changes have occurred that even various kinds of discrimination were eradicated. Many liberalists were overjoyed and are even lobbying for other rights that are made punishable by laws. As for them, the delight of liberties is the real guarantee of democracy. Conclusion Since nineteenth century, the governments authority was so broad in scope that citizens were enjoying a limited freedom. Any acts of immorality in eyes of the church then were also punishable by law.Several private rights were not recognized due to the controlling laws and unacceptability of the society of the changes. These led to the perception that overcriminalization is existing in the legal system. In the twentieth century, laws that impose punishments for immoral acts were void by the courts. Indeed, overcriminalization has slowed a bit. However, due to the pending threat on security, the ove rcriminalization may be strengthened. But the civil liberty advocates are watchful of every government acts to avoid further curtailment of rights and eventually guarantees note to democracy.

Master and slave operation Essay

Bluetooth devices exist in small ad-hoc network configuration with the ability to operate as either cut across or the break ones back the specification also allows a mechanism for master and slave to switch their roles. The configurations evict be unity point, which is the simplest configuration with one master and one slave. Multipoint, called a Piconet, based on up to 7 slaves clustered around a iodine Master. And a third type called a Scatternet, this is a group of Piconets effectively hubbed via a single Bluetooth device acting as a master in one Piconet and a slave in the other Piconet.The Scatternet permits either larger coverage areas or number of devices than a single Piconet can offer. Figure 5 outlines the different master and slave topologies permitted for networks in the standard (see Bluetooth Goodbye infrared radiation). The role of the master is to confine the available bandwidth between the slaves, it calculates and allocates how often to communicate with each slave and locks them into the clutch frequency hopping sequence.The specification describes an algorithm that calculates the hop sequence, the seed being based on the masters device address and clock. In addition to hop sequence control, the master is responsible for transmit control by dividing the network into a series of epoch slots amongst the net members, as severalise of a snip Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme. These time slots can consist of data and potentially additional role relations i. e. you will always need a data channel before you can add a voice channel.The time slot is defined as 625 s and all packet traffic is allocated 1, 3 or 5 slots, grouped together in transmit and receive pairs. Prior to connection some operations such as inquiry, paging and scanning operations may sometimes occur on one-half slots (see Bluetooth Goodbye infrared emission). Figure 5 Point to point, Piconet and Scatternet. A. 2. 3 Voice and Data Links. Bluetooth carries communication traffic over two types of air interface links defined as Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) or synchronized Connection Oriented (SCO).During a connection the links carry voice and data traffic in the time slots and are categorised as either time vituperative, as used for voice and audio, or high speed non-time critical data with a mechanism for acknowledgement and re-transmission. The first link formal between master and slave is the ACL link and carries high speed data that is insensitive to time. It is packet switched, as the data is sporadic in nature, asynchronous, contains asymmetric and symmetric services and uses a polling access scheme.A master may be permitted to have a number of ACL links up to the maximum number of slaves permitted by the specification but only one link is allowed between any two devices (see Bluetooth Goodbye Infrared). Once an ACL has been established a SCO link can be created on top of the ACL link. The SCO link is rotary switched it has symmetric s ynchronous services and has slot reservation at fixed intervals, making it suitable for time critical data such as voice. The specification restricts the number of SCO links that a master can support to three.Summarising the two types of links ACL ? Packet constructed of a 72 bit access code, a 54 bit packet header, a 16 bit CRC and Payload data ? Largest data packet is DH5 prominent 723. 2 Kb/s as highest data rate in one direction. ? Non time critical data ? Asynchronous ? Packet switched ? Polling access SCO ? Same access code and header as ACL packets ? ARQ (Automatic copy reQuest) and SEQ (SEQuence) flags redundant since flow control and re-transmissions do not apply ? Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) line of merchandise is absent?Payload fixed at 30 bytes, with source data of 10, 20 or 30 bytes ? Circuit switched ? Symmetric synchronous services ? Slot reservation at fixed intervals A supererogatory case exists that mixes SCO and ACL packets. Known as the Data Voice (DV) packe t it carries data and voice on even intervals like the SCO. The voice data has no flow control or CRC as per SCO packets, whereas the data part of the DV packet has flow control, re-transmission of the data part is permitted and the data part is CRC protected (see Bluetooth Goodbye Infrared).

Organizational Behavior Importance

Organizational Behavior Importance Organizations atomic number 18 all around us. We are born in an administration, we live, work and most probably will break dance in an organization. Yet most of us do not understand how people function, behave and interact betwixt each other within these organizations. We also do not understand if people work out an organization or an organization shapes people. In the beginning, people create an organization and shape its mission and grow and later to a greater extent people join the organization.This new group of people adjust themselves within the existing organizational culture. Sometimes they also influence organizational culture by bringing new and unparalleled sciences to the organization. Sometimes they learn from each and at other times, external forces like competition, political and cultural changes fasten them to learn new technical, communication or interpersonal skills. All these internal and external factors help an organizat ion and its people to evolve to cope with the ever-changing world.Until recently, managers paid little attention to Organizational Behavior or soft skill training. The industrial revolution created the lease for hard (technical) skills. People worked in the production inception and were not required to think or interact to each other. However, things have changed instead of standing posterior the production lines, they now sit in front of a computer and control a automaton who works in the production line. Now, people need more technical skills, but they also need skills to communicate and work within a group.The great English poet Samuel Butler put it together more eloquently, Any fool can paint a picture, but it takes a wise man to be able to sell it. If the fool is the metaphor for hard skill then the wise man would be the soft skill but the soft skill of the wise man is useless without the hard skill of the fool the harmonizing of both skills sells the picture. Therefore, t he study of Organizational Behavior is not considered pop psychobabble anymore. A comparison between old and new organizations makes the picture clear

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Human Resource Management - strive ExampleAs such, muse analysis roll in the hay be termed to be a component of preparedness where concerns are studied and analyzed to know the requisite characteristics and nature of the job. With the help of this information, competent and suitable candidates can be employed on that particular job (Ostwald 2003). vocations make positions, positions make occupations and occupations transform themselves into organisational structure. As such, job analysis is the building block of not only human resources function, but also organizational behavior, structure and planning (Fig.1).Planning, recruitment, training and appraisal- all other HRM activities directly stem out from job analysis. Job analysis is actually a comprehensive data collection technique where some data relates to the job specifications and other pertains to the individuals. Thus, number of employee, characteristics of employees, nature and mode of training and objective appraisal of employees can be do only on the basis of job analysis.Evaluation of job- with the help of job analysis, relative worth of jobs is observed which in turn helps in determining the base compensation and relevance of the job in the organization. This proves to be an important criterion of cost cutting and cost saving activity for a firm.Employee development- when both the specifications of job and the individuals handling the job are determined in advance, it becomes easier to benchmark the performance levels and analyze the cattle ranchs. Moreover, specific areas of gap can be figured out which can then be resolved by victimisation employee counseling and training sessions.Safety measures- process of job analysis is applied in all kinds of jobs be it technical, clerical or managerial. Therefore, it extends a bit beneficial in technical jobs where use of tools, machinery and equipments can shed rise to hazardous conditions and unhealthy workplace environment. Job analysis tries to do away with

Strategic Management (n) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic prudence (n) - Essay Exampleal 2004). This dominant position was captured by Japanese manufacturers, in the later days of the 19th century, by providing more efficient and low cost cars using the lean employment systems. oer the years the car manufacturing has evolved a lot, with companies trying all means (including mergers and acquisitions) to reduce manufacturing costs and increasing efficiencies. The production bases of most manufacturers are shifting from developed economies to low cost Asian economies which are also providing them with massive customer base on account of their high economic growth. The 2009 financial crisis has further reduced call for in US and Europe. To save the industry, governments doled out huge packages and today they hold stakes in these firms. For example, US government holds 8% stake in Chrysler (sub5zero.com, 2010).This industry is greatly impacted by the government regulations. For example, thither bind been a number of emission nor ms set by the US government to address the milieu concerns. Similarly the European countries have also been adieuing emission norms (Euro 1, 2 and so on) which the car manufacturers have to comply with. The emerging markets have also started passing such regulations. Besides these emission norms, governments also pass mileage per gallon laws and passenger safety laws.Car industry is highly sensitive to the economic scenario of a country or an individual. A car is seen more as a status symbol than as a requirement. Hence the consumers are likely to postpone their buying decision in case of financial crisis. A study by Frost & Sullivan (2010) shows that in general recessions in this industry last for ii to three years. As per data trends (appendix fig. 1), the low demand resulting from the 2009 crisis will also follow comparable trend. The study also shows that demand in key global markets has gone down by 14% on account of the crisis (appendix fig.4). The industry

Managerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Managerial Finance - Essay ExampleThis has led to a fall in the prices of products sold by Titanic Plc. Consequently, due to a fall in volumetric sales and price of beer Titanic Plcs sales have plunged by 30%.The higher up put off shows that the margins of the company have also eroded due to fall in selling prices but no subsequent reduction in the costs. The gross margin fell from 46.4% in 2010 to 39.4% in 2012, which can be attributed to the fall in selling prices due to increase in competition in the industry. The operating proceeds margin and net margin fell drastically as the company could not control its dispersion and administration expenses in the period of falling sales revenue.The directors of the company feel that the company is experiencing financial distress. A company is in a financial distress when it faces liquidity issues and has difficulties in paying off its obligations when they argon due. Financial distress increases when a companys revenues move with the ec onomy. Such cyclical companies are given up to fall in profitability due to an economic downturn.The above table shows the liquidity ratios of the company. Companys liquidity has improved from 2010 to 2012 as shown by an increase in the current ratio as comfortably as the quick ratio of the company. Although the cash of the company fell from 10.6M from 2010 to 9.8M in 2012, the decrease was offset by an increase in inventory and receivables of the company. However, the current liabilities of the company fell drastically by 46% from 19.9M in 2010 to 10.8M in 2012 owing to lower trade payables and dividend payable. The ratios indicate that the companys liquidity position is adequate.The above table shows the asset efficiency ratios for Titanic Plc. Days in inventory has increased substantially from 89 days in 2010 to 122 days in 2012 indicating that the companys inventory is piling up. This piling up of inventory is due to the fall in sales of the company. Titanic Plc has to take st eps to

Leadership and Management of the Company Case Study

Leadership and management of the Company - Case Study ExampleThe President of the company, Gaziano, is practically a one-man-army at the top, while the see founder and director of the company, Rev. Whipple has not involved himself at the corporate strategy level. The reverend is passionately plunge in research and development, which is but one of the functions of business only.Great companies atomic number 18 created from great business models. serve Corporation mustiness(prenominal) understand that it is not in the lobsters business, but in the foods business. Its business model must be at par with or excel that of other food giants in the world. The company must evaluate its export opportunities, as the product can be packaged and preserved for a dour time. As the local competition is intense and profit margins are low, the company needs to find break markets for its product all oer the world, in order to contact better price realizations.At the said(prenominal) time, th e top management must be constantly engaged in the task of assessing and identifying new harvesting platforms that are consistent with the companys business model. Just by milking the existing cash cow, the company is limiting its future growth potential, and leaving the field open for other competitors to seize the initiative and competitive advantage over it.Prelude Corporation is involved in a capital-intensive business. ... Size and scale of operations is critical to long-term survival in the business that Prelude Corporation is engaged in. Therefore, the company needs to develop a strong business plan and proposal, and seek out substantive virtue partners in the market who are willing to invest funds in the company for the long-term, against a shareholding in the company. Once the private equity funds are successfully employed and the companys financial condition improves, the company must gear up to expand its capital base further by approaching the public equity markets, with an aim to paint a picture funds to reduce its debt financing burdens, and to invest for its future growth plans.Raising finances at a cheaper cost, and diluting the companys equity is not a task of a faint-hearted management. It requires tremendous patience, conviction and intense persuasiveness to achieve success with private equity financiers and make them partners in your future growth. In absence of such offensive pursuit of its financial goals, the death-knell of a company is sure to be sounded sooner or later, owing to the over-burdening of pricy debts.Human Resource Strategy and Peoples StrategyPrelude Corporation needs to differentiate itself from the rest of the unincorporated lobster industry and create innovative incentive schemes to motivate its employees. The human resource strategy often differentiates a good company from a great company. Each employee, including the lowest level fisherman, of the company must be made to feel that he is a part of the family, a nd his needs and grievances must be attended to with sincerity. tuppeny employees in the end prove to be more costly in the long run. Therefore, considering the size, scope and pipe dream of Prelude Corporation, it

The Problem of Induction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Problem of Induction - Assignment ExampleThe argument is reasonable because the sun has never failed to rise. However, critics may argue that the usual observations that the sun has always risen can non be a claim to justify that it would rise the following day. The claim that a particular vegetable is green does not reasonableate the assertion that future vegetables of a similar kind would be green. The claim becomes untrue if at that place is a significant change in nature that affects the vegetables genetic pattern to alter the green wring to another. The problem of induction has raised concerns in the field of philosophy with some scholars supporting the claim part opposing it. The article herein will analyze the various aspects of the inducive methods and the different justifications set aside by scholars. The article will further determine the appropriateness of the method and attempt to justify solutions to the problems associated with the inductive methods. Philosop her Hume formulated an inquiry to the problem of induction and claimed that it is insoluble. John Stewart Mill responded and gave a more explicit expression of another important class of inductive problems. J.S. Mill inquired why some methods just required a single inference to be true while others could not prove as true afterwards numerous inferences (Ladyman 35). For instance, meteorologists have used the inductive methods to forecast the weather in some regions of the world, and it worked. Scientific search has enabled an improvement of technology. The medics have invented new drugs that treat diseases that could otherwise killed many individuals. In this respect, the inductive methods are valid and useful in human reasoning. However, the method lacks rational justification. The successful conclusions justify the methods. Furthermore, it is not always requisite to prove a method or belief to validate its applicability to be accepted as evident in the religious domain.

Effective Performance Appraisal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

utile Performance Appraisal System - Essay ExampleThe systems approach will identify the barriers and emphasize on defining the objective of operation estimation, determine what time would be effective for conducting the process, the addition of some effective idea categories, and concentrating on the result of the appraisal and finding loopholes if necessary. I can consider the systems movement appraisal approach being used in my organization effectively as it is based on alone the factors discussed above and it similarly takes into account some other factors such as results, objectives, behavior, competencies and several arrangements of methods. In this motif I will further discuss how I would ensure that the solution I recommended complies with five requirements delimitate by Cascio, which are sensitivity, relevance, reliability, practicality and acceptability. I will also be shedding light on how by preventing some legal difficulties the organization can avoid the ratin g error. The results of the previous assessment will also be compared with the finding in order to analyze the recommended performance appraisal system (Kondrasuk, 2012).The terms performance reviews and performance evaluation hold the same meaning as the Performance Appraisal. Performance appraisal is considered to be the assessment conducted to evaluate the performance of employees. It is also defined as an assessment conducted to provide the employees feedback on their performance. Performance appraisal is also defined to be a system where the expected job performance is compared with employees actual job performance, providing feedback to the employees so that they may change their goals accordingly and enhance their performance in future. Performance management of employees is considered to be an integral part of the performance appraisal system. McGrath has explained in detailed the integrate performance management that is based on strategic and operational plans,